As people hear and
are exposed to the Gospel and as the Spirit opens their minds so that
they see the heart of God as revealed in Jesus Christ; naturally the
question arises: What about those who have never heard the good news
of Jesus Christ? They live this life without Him, must they spend eternity apart from Him because no one took the time to properly
explain the gospel to them?

This question
arises out of two truths taught by all Evangelical Christians:
Namely God's universal love and that God has a particular plan for accomplishing this
salvation. Repeatedly through Scripture we see that God loves all, but is
determined to accomplish what He set out to do. This dynamic has
lead to a debate within Evangelicalism over the eternal destiny of
the unevangelized. Theological discussions of this sort are healthy,
because as evangelicals, we must stop clinging to theology, and start
clinging to the Gospel. The life, death and resurrection of Jesus
Christ is the Gospel. As Martin Luther proclaimed, Crux sola est
nostra theologia Therefore the answer to this question is not found in human
reasoning, or in theological theories, but in what God reveals about
Himself, specifically in the redemption that came by Jesus Christ.
First
and foremost, Jesus Christ is the only Way to eternal life. Long
before Christ was incarnated,
God had made it known that He alone was the only Savior (Isaiah 43:11). In John 14:6, Christ declares Himself to be the only
way of access to the Father. There is no access to God with out
mediation, and there is only "One Mediator between God and men
and that is the man Jesus Christ."(1 Timothy 2:5). He
[Christ] introduces and presents the person and services of his
people to his Father, and gives them acceptance with Him.
Therefore
all ideas of pluralism must be abandoned. Pluralism is the view that
holds that Jesus is only one of many saviors throughout the different
religions of the world. This idea has been rejected by mainstream Christianity, because it
regards Christ as not unique. God always refers to a sin moment in
time when takes away sin (Zechariah 3:9) and only God's Arm brings
salvation (Isaiah 51:5); and Jesus Christ is that Arm (John 12:38).
Only the Word incarnate could be Savior of the world.
Since
Scripture testifies that there is only one Savior, Jesus Christ the
Only Begotten of the Father (John 1:18); it must be assumed (and all
evangelical Christians would agree) that He is ontologically necessary for the salvation of the world(1 Corinthians 15:17; Romans
5:10; Titus 2:11-14; 1 John 2:2). That is all are saved through
Christ, but do all have to know about Christ?
At first glance it may seem obvious that to have faith in Christ,
you must know about Jesus, but one must take into account the Old
Testament saints. They were saved through Christ,
but did they know all the facts about their redemption? It is at
this point that evangelical Christians can be split in to two
different camps, exclusivism and inclusivism.
Exclusivists
hold that Jesus is the only Savior for all humanity, and that it is
not possible for anyone to be saved apart from explicit knowledge of
Christ and the Gospel. But therein lies a problem, how can God "desire all men to be saved" (1 Timothy 2:4) if some people never get
the opportunity to hear the Gospel and thus can not be saved. To fix
this logical problem in exclusivism, there are three views that have
been espoused from Scripture.
The
first view is called the "Restrictivist View".
Restrictivist theologians teach that all men are judged by what they
know, thus the unevangelized are judged by what they should have
known from creation (Romans 1:18-22). R.C. Sproul says that "if
a person in a remote area has never heard of Christ, he will not be
punished for that. What he will be punished for is the rejection of
the Father of whom he has heard [through creation] and for the
disobedience the law written on his heart"
It
appears if this view is to be consistent, that there is no salvation
for a child (born to unsaved parents) who dies in infancy, no
salvation for people who died before missionaries could reach them,
no salvation for those oppressed by a cruel tyrant, and no salvation
for the mentally handicapped. In response to an objection of unfairness and cruelty, many
restrictivists echo Paul's statement "But who are you, O man, to
talk back to God? "Shall what is formed say to him who formed
it, 'Why did you make me like this?'"(Romans 9:20). God knows
what's best for us, He knows the great work he is accomplishing, so
He is not unfair, He is good (Matthew 20:13-15).
Some
exclusivists believe that one way or another, all who have a heart to
believe will be given an opportunity. This group properly observes that in Scripture, God holds out His
hands to a rebellious people (Romans 10:21), that He wants all men to
be saved (1 Tim 2:4), and that He is the "rewarder of those who
diligently seek him" (Hebrew 11:6). Also throughout Scripture
people are brought to the knowledge of the Truth by supernatural
experience. Some New Testament examples are Paul the Apostle (Acts 9), the Ethiopian eunuch who was seeking truth (Acts 8), and
Cornelius who also was trying to be faithful to God (Acts 10). This
view is largely an Arminian stand point, because from the stand point
of Calvinism, this is just God working out His elective purposes.
Since in Calvinism God will not fail to save those who he has chosen,
one could be a restrictivist and still hold to this as a way that God
seeks out His elect.
Another
view point that exclusivists esponged from Scripture is the idea of
postmortem evangelism. Again, this idea springs from the fact that
the theme of Scripture is that the Creator loves and cherishes His
creation and does not want any to perish (2 Peter 3:9). Not only
that, but Christ has defeated death that held the human race hostage
since the fall.(Hebrews 2:14; 1 Peter 3:18-20). Death is not the
dividing line for the love of God. For there is no death that except
that which ends in resurrection (Daniel 12:2). Furthermore, even Christ tells Thomas, "Because you have seen
me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet
believed". Is Thomas any less an apostle because he had to see
in order to believe? Certainly not, Jesus just refers to those who
believe without seeing as "blessed".
Some
may argue that Hebrews 9:27 rules out any possibility of postmortem
conversion, but, when taken in it's context, Hebrews 9:27 declares no
such thing. In fact Paul in comparing "Just as man is destined
to die once, and after that to face judgment" with "Christ
was sacrificed [died] once to take away the sins of many people
[judge sin]"; he leaves no doubt what he is speaking about. "As
man dies but once, Christ was offered but once, or he suffered and
died but once...". Paul is speaking to the completeness and effectiveness of Christ's
sacrifice.
Postmortem
salvation stops just short of being "inclusive", because it
demands that someone not only must be saved through Christ, but they
must know that they are being saved through Christ. Though inclusive
and exclusive views believe much the same things about God and Christ
being the only way to salvation, they part ways in the exclusivities
assumption that a person must explicitly know about and believe in
Jesus. All people are saved through Christ, whether or not they know it.
The
Bible declares that at no time has God left Himself without a
witness. (Acts 14:17). Scripture also teaches that God in Christ
reconciled the world to Himself, because He loves us and does not
want to see anyone perish (2 Corinthians 5:19-20; 2 Peter 3:9).
Thus, He has provided a witness for the entire world. (Psalm 19:1-4;
Romans 10:18). Paul says that the Gentiles have the law of God
written on their hearts and their consciences condemn them.(Romans
2:14-16). Wesley says, "What is vulgarly termed natural
conscience, pointing out at least the general lines of good and evil.
And this light [who is Christ], would shine more and more to the
perfect day".
Hebrews
11 speaks of the faith of those who died before receiving the promise
of Christ. They didn't know Christ, but they believed the promises
of God. In the same chapter the testimony of Scripture reveals that
without faith it is impossible to please God, because anyone who
comes to him must believe that He exists and reward those who seek
him. (Hebrews 11:6). Though the Cross of Christ is absolutely
necessary for humanity to know (and fully understand God), God
clearly rewards those who are seeking after Him. Simply put, this
view sees God as applying the finished worked of Jesus Christ to all
who have the heart to receive it.
Though
all four of these evangelical views are backed with Scripture, there
is speculation in all of them. So lets look at what Scripture says
on this:
First,
as all evangelicals agree, God's love in universal (Psalm 145:9). In
fact the Bible declares that God himself is Love (1 John 4:16), and
Love is the proper name for the Holy Spirit of God. Scripture also declares that the God we worship is just (Isaiah
30:18, Psalm 45:6). Sometimes as men we can warp what justice is,
but Scripture declares what the justice of God is: to show mercy and
compassion (Zechariah 7:9).
Second,
in Christ we see God's true nature. Jesus Christ, the very Word of
God, on a rescue mission, from the womb of a virgin, is born to
reveal Himself, and conquer death and bring life. God demonstrates
in Christ that He is willing to do anything to restore mankind. How
great the Father's love for us.
The
life, death and resurrection of Christ demonstrates God's true Love (
1 John 4:10), and also his true justice (Luke 4:18). In Christ, we
see a God who pursues us by His love, one who wants to comfort and
protect all he has made, even those who reject Him. (Matthew 23:37).
Even forgiving those who kill the very Word of God (Luke 23:34).
The
salvation of God is a relationship with a person, not an act.(Psalm
35:3; Luke 1:77) Salvation is already established through Jesus
Christ. God has married us to Himself in Christ, He will never
divorce mankind (Isaiah 50:1). Our sin separates us and sells us in
to slavery (Isaiah 50:1). But Christ came to conquer sin and death.
We are united with Christ, in faith, we either affirm the reality or
we deny it. Therefore whatever happens in the end, it will not be
because of the deficiency in the motive, mind or effectiveness of
what Christ did on our behalf. Even outright rejection of Christ can
be forgiven (Matthew 12:32), but rejection of the love of God (which
is the Holy Spirit), can not be forgiven.
So
what about those who never heard? Or what about those who have
rejected a "gospel" message the represented a false Christ?
They are all included in Christ, God loves and died to free them all
from the tyranny of Satan. (Colossians 2:15;2 Timothy 2:26; 1
Corinthians 15:22-25). God, the owner of the vineyard, is restoring
His vineyard by planting the True Vine. The mystery is not how the
unevangelized will be saved, the mystery is that there will be
people, who know the truth and will reject Love for all of eternity.
But even to those, God has promised that the gates of the Holy City
will never be shut (Rev 21:25).